• “The Beating Heart Of Suriname: Diverse in people and culture, Suriname is an undiscovered treasure of the Amazon. Simon Lee explores,” Caribbeat Beat Magazine, from the Internet Archive: Excerpt—“Around 12,000 descendants of the original Amerindian inhabitants who first settled some 6,000 years before Christ survive: Caribs and Arawaks on the coastal plain; Trio, Wayana, Warrau, Wayarekule and a few dozen Akurio deep in the interior….”

• The Carib Indians of Suriname

• Caribe (Kalihna, Carib, Cariña, Kalinya, Galibi), Spoken In Venezuela, Surinam, Guyana, French Guyana: Includes links to sites with information on this language family, plus “country facts”; also of interest—The “Hail Mary” Prayer in the Carib language.

• Conservation International in Suriname, from the Internet Archive: Excerpt—“ CI is working in the South American nations of Suriname and Guyana, where the northern reaches of the Amazon Basin still exist as uninterrupted expanses of tropical forest. Low population density and shifting political fortunes have combined in a way that has, until very recently, minimized the environmental threats to these forests. In Suriname, CI is working to promote biodiversity conservation through the rehabilitation of the existing protected area system, and the development of economically viable market alternatives such as non-timber forest products and ecotourism. CI is also providing training in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for use in regional planning, and promoting environmental education and public awareness programs….”

• Détsjing Foundation: an organization dedicated to the preservation of Surinamese indigenous knowledge and culture by collecting, analyzing and transferring it and communicating it to all people who are interested (the Surinamese/Dutch population in particular).

• Tribal Communities of Suriname: this site includes information on the history, geographic distribution, living conditions and the culture of Amerindians in Suriname.

• Les Ethnies de la Grande Amazonie (Ethnic groups of the Greater Amazon area): a list and map of the Amerindian groups inhabiting the Greater Amazon region, including the Guyanas.

• ETHNOLOGUE: SURINAME --- i.e, "AKURIO (AKOERIO, AKURI, AKURIJO, AKURIYO, AKULIYO, WAMA, WAYARICURI, OYARICOULET, TRIOMETESEM, TRIOMETESEN) [AKO] 40 to 50 (1977 WT). Southeast jungle. Carib, Northern, East-West Guiana, Wama. Related to, but not inherently intelligible with, Trió. All but one group is living with the Trió, becoming bilingual in Trió. Contacted in 1969. Dialects or related languages: Urukuyana, Kumayena. Nearly extinct."

• Indigenous Art Products from Suriname (1): “Real Surinamese Indigenous cotton hammocks, cloth, jewelry, pottery, traditional musical instruments like the karawasi, maraka or sambura…Order your Indigenous full dress…”

• Indigenous Art Products from Suriname (2): Examples of products for sale—travel bag (warimbo); maraca; womans dress; ingi pipa cigars; fan; ceramics; mutete (back pack); ceramics;purses; hammocks; earrings.

• WARAO LANGUAGE GROUPS IN SURINAME, GUYANA AND VENEZUELA

• FOREST PEOPLES PROGRAMME INFORMATION UPDATE, 27 January 1997, In search of El Dorado, again: mining and tribal people in Suriname: In anticipation of declining revenues from bauxite, the Surinamese Government has turned its attention to the potential revenues to be had from the exploitation of gold. The majority of these (and future) activities are taking place in the rainforest interior of the country. The interior is also the ancestral home of Indigenous peoples and Maroons, who have repeatedly voiced their opposition to the granting of mining and other concessions on their territories.

• FOREST PEOPLES PROGRAMME Information Update, 2 May 1997, Indigenous Community in Suriname Demands that Mining Companies Leave its Territory: The Indigenous community of Kwamalasemutu in Suriname has demanded for the second time this year that mining companies leave its land and that its rights to own and control those lands be recognized and respected. Kwamalasemutu is a Trio community of approximately 1500 persons located in the far South of the Suriname rainforest near the border with Brazil. The latest cause for complaint involves the granting of a gold and diamond concession to Surinamese company, Margo Mining. The community was not consulted or informed about the decision to grant the concession.

• Suriname before Columbus, by A.H. Versteeg & F.C. Bubberman: Versteeg, A.H. & F.C. Bubberman, 1992. Suriname before Columbus. Mededelingen Stichting Surinaams Museum 49A, Paramaribo, Suriname. pp. 3-65; updated Internet version 1998

• The history of prehistoric archaeological research in Suriname, by Aad H. Versteeg: "The beginning of the history of archaeological investigations in Suriname dates from approx. 125 years ago. The research focused on the Indian populations that lived in the country before the discovery of America by Columbus…"

• Encyclopaedia Brittanica: The Maroni River, between Suriname and French Guiana.

• PAWANA (Suriname): “Pawana wenst iedereen een vrolijk kerst en een gelukkig nieuw jaar…. Op deze site kunt u informatie bekijken en beluisteren over PAWANA dé band voor traditionele Indiaanse en kawina muziek in Nederland”—agenda, music, photos, biography, contact information.

• Sun and Forest Tours, Suriname: Palumeu Tours— “Palumeu jungle-resort, near an Amerindian village bearing the same name, lies at the Upper Tapanahony river in the midst of the Amazon rainforest….The Amerindians live a reserved life and are not very prone to communication with others. The century old lifestyle and the language barrier inhibits their contact with most foreigners. Because of this they are often shy and only after several days will they attempt communication.”

• Stichting Natuurbehoud Suriname, Foundation for Nature Conservation in Suriname: Tours of Galibi-"Galibi is the general name given to the two Carib villages located on the coastal area at the border with French Guyana; Langamankondre and Christiaankondre."

• The Voice of the Kari'na--The Caribs of Galibi: from “Running Man, Interactive Tribal Journeys,” includes photos, video feeds, and journal entries of a tour through a Suriname Amerindian village.

• Movement for Eco-Tourism in Suriname, Other Tours: Galibi - Christiaankondre Tour—“Christiaankondre and Langamankondre are two traditional Amerindian villages, located next to each other along the Marowijne river at the estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. Both villages are located at an extensive sandy beach on which you can enjoy long walks. These villages were set up in the post-slavery times and have expanded into rather large Amerindian villages with a population of approximately 750 inhabitants…”

• “La palabra, el silencio y la escritura: notas sobre algunas tribus de las Guayanas”, by Edmundo Magaña, in Revista Chilena De Antropología, No. 12: “En varias fuentes tempranas sobre los indios de la región amazónica-guayanesa, particularmente en relatos de exploradores y misioneros, se encuentran notas interesantes, curiosas muchas veces, sobre la manera en que, de acuerdo a los autores, las poblaciones indígenas interpretaron la palabra escrita. No tan a menudo encontramos en esa literatura algunas noticias sobre la conceptualización indígena de la palabra hablada. Y sobre el silencio, como un momento del discurso, las noticias son aún más escasas….”

• Suriname Museum-Fort Zeelandia, Paramaribo - Suriname

• "Suriname Coup Plan Report Denied", Associated Press, Paramaribo, Suriname, 11/05/2000: Summary- " The ex-military dictator who seized power twice in Suriname is denying reports that he is planning a coup and has an army of Amerindians training in the interior of the South American country."

• "Suriname: People of Kwamalasemutu Want Golden Star Resources to Leave Their Land and Ask that their Land Rights be Recognized by the Government", a Press Release from the Forest Peoples Programme, 4 February, 1997: "A delegation from the Association of Indigenous Village Leaders in Suriname went to Kwamalasemutu last week to investigate complaints raised by village leaders concerning the activities of Canadian mining company, Golden Star Resources and Surinamese company, NaNa Resources…"

• "Surinamese Government Still Refuses to Recognize Indigenous and Maroon Land Rights", Suriname Information Update from the Forest Peoples Programme, May 7, 1998: from the 1998 online issue of Cultural Survival Quarterly

• The Tropical Rainforest in Suriname--A virtual tour through the rainforest in Suriname (SA). Read about plants, animals, Indians and Maroons. Click on the links to look at the photos and listen to the sounds.

• U.N. Working Group on Indigenous Populations --- SPEECH FROM THE LOKONO INDIANS OF SURINAM

• Yumtzilob—website over de Amerika's: a Dutch site [in English] featuring articles, books, poetry, book reviews, archaeological reviews on North, Central, and South American indigenous populations.

• Subject--Kappler, Caribs, Arawaks in 1836, from Suriname.Nu: “Kappler gives us a detailed description of the Caribs and the Arawak Indians in Suriname in 1836”. From: Zes Jaren in Suriname (1836-1842), A. Kappler,Walburg Pers, Zutphen, 1983 Introduction Ir. F.C. Bubberman, ISBN: 906011.239.3

• Subject-- The Amerindians, from Suriname.Nu: “An estimated 10000 Amerindians live in their small communities in Suriname. Only a few have had elementary education and reached the middle class of society. Typical occupations have been civil servant, policeman, teacher, nurse, supervisor etc. They are not engaged in trade.”. From: Suriname, Land of Seven Peoples, Prof. Dr. F.E.M. Mitrasing, H. vd Boomen, Paramaribo, 1979

• Subject-- Musical Instruments, The Amerindians, from Suriname.Nu: “P.J. Benoit describes how Amerindians use flutes at their 'wild' dance parties. These flutes are made of reeds in which they have made holes. They blow on their flutes to produce sound. Once in a while the music is accompanied by the sound of a tambourine and a sharp sound of a kind of trumpet. This trumpet is four to five feet long. At the end of the trumpet is an ox horn attached. According to Benoit, the sound of the musical instruments, the shouting and yelling blends well with the kind of dance that is performed by them”. From: [1] Reis Door Suriname, P.J. Benoit with Chris Schriks and Dr. S.W. De Groot, De Walburg Pers, Zutphen, 1980. ISBN: 906011.306.3 Reprinted at SURALCO request. [2] Avonturen aan de Wilde Kust, Albert Helman, VACO, Paramaribo, 1982. ISBN 9991400087

• Subject-- Archeology, The Amerindians, from Suriname.Nu: “It was not until 3000 BC before the first indians appeared on the coast of the Guyanas. Those indians who arrived between 3000-2000 BC are often called Meso-Indians. Those after 2000 BC are given the name of Neo-Indians. However it is difficult to establish an exact determination of which term to use. The more recent tribes are first the Arawak tribes as they arrived 3000 years ago. A second tribe were the Carai…”. From: Avonturen aan de Wilde Kust, Albert Helman, VACO, Paramaribo, 1982. ISBN 9991400087. This book has numerous photographs of Amerindian artifacts, bowl/pottery fragments

Many thanks to CAC Editor Gerard Collomb for his many recommended additions

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