If the office of Queen emerged, or was reinvigorated, in the late 1800s, this may well have been in large part due to the substantial influx of Spanish-Amerindian Venezuelans into the Arima area. One of the Venezuelans' and Spanish-Carib Trinidadians' most popular religious rituals was, and in some cases still is, the Velorio de la Cruz (the Cross Wake) and La Cruz de Mayo. The Cross Wake, often held in honour of a patron saint, one of the most popular having been Saint Raphael, involved a ritual that structurally is very similar to today's Santa Rosa Festival, though the latter occurs in public and on a larger scale (see Moodie 1993 for detail on the Cross Wake). The person in charge of the Wake, is the Ama de la Cruz, the family matriarch who is in charge of the ritual preparations and who literally "owns" and "keeps" the cross. The ritual also involves the decoration of the Cross, much like the decoration of the statue of Saint Rose for the Festival, and a procession around the exterior of the house (much like the Santa Rosa procession around the streets of Arima). The "madrina" and "padrino" of the household ritual known as the Cross Wake are structurally equivalent and functionally similar to the King and Queen of the Santa Rosa Festival. The Queen is structurally and symbolically the equivalent of the Ama de la Cruz: "Generally, the keepers of these images are women. If the keeper is incapacitated, another person, equally devoted to the saint, and who has actively participated in the organization of the fiesta, is selected" (Moodie 1993) Notes compiled by Maximilian Forte from the following sources: J. A. Bullbrook (1940); R. P. Marie-Bertrand de Cothonay O.P.  (1893); Tricia N. F. Douglas (1999); Patricia Elie (2000); Maximilian Forte (2000, 2002); Sylvia Maria Moodie (1983); Elma Reyes; L. A. A. De Verteuil (1858); and from the Trinidad Guardian: 23 May 1973, 22 September 1974, 08 June 1975, 06 August 1963.